The Capped Bust Half Dollar: A Short-Lived Classic (1807-1836)

The Capped Bust Half Dollar, minted from 1807 to 1836, serves as a bridge between the early design aesthetics of U.S. coinage and the more refined motifs to come. Here's a detailed look at its history, specifications, and significance for collectors:

Historical Context:

• Evolution from Draped Bust: The Capped Bust Half Dollar succeeded the Draped Bust Half Dollar (1796-1807), which featured Liberty with flowing hair draped across her bust. The new design reflected a shift towards a more idealized portrayal of Liberty.
• Shifting Artistic Influences: The early 19th century saw a growing influence of neoclassical art on American design. The Capped Bust Half Dollar's imagery echoes this trend with its focus on sharp lines and a sense of stoicism.

Design Variations (Two Types):

• Type 1, Lettered Edge (1807-1836): This is the most common variation. The obverse (heads) features Liberty facing left, wearing a cap secured by a ribbon inscribed "LIBERTY." The reverse (tails) depicts an eagle perched on an olive branch, clutching arrows, with "E PLURIBUS UNUM" on a scroll above and the denomination ("50 CENTS" or "HALF DOL.") encircled by "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA." The edge is inscribed with the lettering "FIFTY CENTS OR HALF A DOLLAR."
• Type 2, Reeded Edge, "50 CENTS" on Reverse (1836-1837): This less common variation eliminates the lettering on the edge and replaces "HALF DOL." with "50 CENTS" on the reverse.

Specifications:

• Diameter: 30.5 mm (approximately 1.2 inches)
• Weight: 13.5 grams (approximately 0.42 ounces)
• Composition: 89.2% silver, 10.8% copper
• Designer: John Reich (Concept); Modifications by William Kneass (Chief Engraver)
• Mints: Philadelphia (no mintmark), New Orleans (mintmark "O")

Interesting Facts:

• Short Mintage: Compared to some longer-running series, the Capped Bust Half Dollar has a relatively short mintage, making some dates and mintmarks scarcer for collectors.
• Quality Variations: The quality of striking (sharpness of design elements) can vary considerably for Capped Bust Half Dollars. This is especially true for later issues.
• Rarity of New Orleans Mintmark: Coins minted in New Orleans ("O" mintmark) are generally scarcer and more valuable to collectors.

Collecting Capped Bust Half Dollars:

• Condition: As always, a coin's condition significantly impacts its value. Higher grades (MS63 and above) from reputable grading services like PCGS or NGC command a premium.
• Type and Variety: Identifying the specific type (Lettered Edge or Reeded Edge) and any interesting die varieties can influence value.
• Mintmark: New Orleans mintmark ("O") coins are generally more valuable.
• Date Rarity: Certain dates within the series may be scarcer and hold a higher premium.

Where to Find Capped Bust Half Dollars:

• You can find Capped Bust Half Dollars at coin shops, online marketplaces like eBay, or through auctions.
• When considering a purchase, ensure the coin is authentic and has been graded by a reputable service if it's in potentially higher condition.

The Capped Bust Half Dollar, despite its relatively short mintage, remains a significant chapter in U.S. coinage history. Its design embodies the artistic transitions of the early 19th century and offers a glimpse into the evolution of American coin imagery.